PART A. GENERAL
Rule 1 Application
(a)
These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters
connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
(b)
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made
by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland
waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such
special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.
(c)
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules
made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or
signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels
proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights
or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional
station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible,
be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized
elsewhere under these Rules.
(d)
Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose
of these Rules.
(e)
Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of
special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any
of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility
of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of
sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other
provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of
lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of
soundsignalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the
closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.
Rule 2 Responsibility
(a)
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew
thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of
the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of
seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
(b) In
construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all
dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including
the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these
Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
Rule 3 General definitions
For the
purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:
(a) The
word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including
non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means
of transportation on water.
(b) The
term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery.
(c) The
term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that
propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
(d) The
term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets,
lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but
does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing
apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
(e) The
word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the
water .
(f) The
term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some
exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and
is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
(g) The
term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel
which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as
required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of
another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability to
manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to:
(i) a
vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine
cable or pipeline;
(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or
cargo while underway;
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the
towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
(h) The
term " vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel
which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of
navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the
course she is following.
(i) The
word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to
the shore, or aground.
(j) The
words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length
overall and greatest breadth.
(k)
Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be
observed visually from the other.
(l) The
term " restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility
is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any
other similar causes.
PART B. STEERING AND SAILING RULES
Rule 4 Application
Rules
in this section apply in any condition of visibility.
Rule 5 Look-out
Every
vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as
well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and
conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of
collision.
Rule 6 Safe speed
Every
vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper
and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a
safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:
(a) By
all vessels:
(i) the
state of visibility.
(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any
other vessels;
(iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping
distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or
from back scatter of her own lights;
(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational
hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.
(b)
Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
(i) the
characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources
of interference;
(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not
be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when
radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the
vicinity.
Rule 7 Risk of collision
(a)
Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances
and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt
such risk shall be deemed to exist.
(b)
Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational,
including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and
radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
(c)
Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially
scanty radar information.
(d) In
determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be
among those taken into account:
(i)
such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching
vessel does not appreciably change;
(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is
evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when
approaching a vessel at close range.
Rule 8 Action to avoid
collision
(a) Any
action to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be
positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good
seamanship.
(b) Any
alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to
another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small
alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.
(c) If
there is sufficient sea-room, alteration of course alone may be the most
effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made
in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters
situation.
(d)
Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result
in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be
carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e) If
necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a
vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her
means of propulsion.
(f) (i)
A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or
safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the
case, take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of
the other vessel.
(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another
vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as
to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to
the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged
to comply with the Rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one
another so as to involve risk of collision.
Rule 9 Narrow channels
(a) A
vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as
near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard
side as is safe and practicable.
(b) A
vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede
the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel
or fairway.
(c) A
vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel
navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(d) A
vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the
passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or
fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the
intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i)
In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the
vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel
intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate
signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in
agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to
permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii)
This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.
(f) A
vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other
vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with
particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal
prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(g) Any
vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a
narrow channel.
Rule 10 Traffic
separation schemes
(a)
This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and
does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.
(b) A
vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i)
proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic
flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or
separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but
when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to
the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A
vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if
obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right
angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d) (i)
A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the
appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme.
However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels
engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii)
Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone
when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot
station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to
avoid immediate danger.
(e) A
vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall
not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in
cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A
vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes
shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A
vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation
scheme or in areas near its terminations
(h) A
vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin
as is practicable.
(i) A
vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following
a traffic lane.
(j) A
vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede
the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for
the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is
exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the
operation.
(l) A
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for
the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic
separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent
necessary to carry out the operation.
Rule 11 Application
Rules
in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
Rule 12 Sailing
vessels
(a)
When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of
collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
(i)
when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on
the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward
shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and
cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the
port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
(b) For
the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side
opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a
square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest
fore-and-aft sail is carried.
Rule 13 Overtaking
(a)
Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of part B, sections I and II,
any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being
overtaken.
(b) A
vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from
a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position
with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able
to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
(c)
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she
shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d) Any
subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or
relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is
finally past and clear.
Rule 14 Head-on
situation
(a)
When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal
courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to
starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
(b)
Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or
nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a
line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the
corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c)
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall
assume that it does exist and act accordingly.
Rule 15 Crossing
situation
When
two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the
vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way
and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the
other vessel.
Rule 16 Action
by give- way vessel
Every
vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far
as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.
Rule 17 Action
by stand-on vessel
(a) (i)
Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her
course and speed.
(ii)
The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre
alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep
out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.
(b)
When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds
herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way
vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.
(c) A
power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance
with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another
power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter
course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
(d)
This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of
the way.
Rule 18 Responsibilities
between vessels
Except
where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:
(a) A
power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i) a
vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
(iv) a sailing vessel.
(b) A
sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i) a
vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.
(c) A
vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of
the way of.
(i) a
vessel not under command;
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
(d) (i)
Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her
ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting
the signals in Rule 28.
(ii) A
vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having
full regard to her special condition.
(e) A
seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and
avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of
collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this part.
Rule 19 Conduct
of vessels in restricted visibility
(a)
This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or
near an area of restricted visibility.
(b) Every
vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances
and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her
engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.
(c)
Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of section I
of this part.
(d) A
vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall
determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision
exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when
such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the
following shall be avoided:
(i) an
alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a
vessel being overtaken;
(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
(e)
Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist,
every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of
another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another
vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she
can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any
event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.
PART C LIGHTS AND SHAPES
Rule 20 Application
(a)
Rules in this part shall be complied with in all weathers.
(b) The
Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and
during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as
cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair
their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a
proper look-out.
(c) The
lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from
sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other
circumstances when it is deemed necessary.
(d) The
Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.
(e) The
lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex Ito these Regulations.
Rule 21 Definitions
(a)
"Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft
centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon
of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 225
degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.
(b)
"Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red
light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the
horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to
22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20
metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the
fore and aft centreline of the vessel.
(c)
"Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at
the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degree
and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of
the vessel.
(d)
"Towing light" means a yellow light having the same characteristics
as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e)
"All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc
of the horizon of 360 degrees.
(f)
"Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a
frequences of 120 flashes or more per minute.
Rule 22 Visibility
of lights
The
lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specifies in section
8 of Annex I to
these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges:
(a) In
vessels of 50 metres or more in length:
- a
masthead light, 6 miles;
- a sidelight, 3 miles;
- a sternlight, 3 miles;
- a towing light, 3 miles;
- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles.
(b) In
vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length:
- a
masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less
than 20 metres, 3 miles;
- a sidelight, 2 miles;
- a sternlight, 2 miles;
- a towing light, 2 miles;
- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.
(c) In
vessels of less than 12 metres in length:
- a
masthead light, 2 miles;
- a sidelight, 1 mile;
- a sternlight, 2 miles;
- a towing light, 2 miles;
- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles
(d) In
inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:
- a
white all-round light, 3 miles.
Rule 23 Power-driven
vessels underway
(a) A
power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i) a
masthead light forward;
(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except
that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit
such light but may do so;
(iii)
sidelights;
(iv) a sternlight.
(b) An
air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in
addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an
all-round flashing yellow light.
(c) (i)
A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu of the
lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white
light and sidelights;
(ii) a
power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose maximum speed does
not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of
this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall, if practicable, also
exhibit sidelights;
(iii)
the masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven vessel of less
than 12 metres in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centreline of
the vessel if centreline fitting is not practicable, provided that the
sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and
aft centreline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same
fore and aft line as the masthead light or the all-round white light.
Rule 24 Towing
and pushing
(a) A
power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:
(i)
instead of the light prescribed in Rule
23(a)(i) or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line. When
the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the
after end of the tow exceeds 200 metres, three such lights in a vertical line;
(ii)
sidelights;
(iii) a sternlight;
(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight;
(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can
best be seen.
(b)
When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in
a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit
the lights prescribed in Rule 23.
(c) A
power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case
of a composite unit, shall exhibit:
(i)
instead of the light prescribed in Rule
23(a)(i) or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line;
(ii) sidelights;
(iii) a sternlight.
(d) A
power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule applies shall
also comply with Rule 23(a)(ii).
(e) A
vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of
this Rule, shall exhibit:
(i)
sidelights;
(ii) a sternlight;
(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it
can best be seen.
(f)
Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group
shall be lighted as one vessel,
(i) a
vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at
the forward end, sidelights;
(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the
forward end, sidelights.
(g) An
inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such
vessels or objects being towed, shall exibit:
(i) if
it is less than 25 metres in breadth, one all-round white light at or near the
forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not
exhibit a light at or near the forward end;
(ii) if it is 25 metres or more in breadth, two additional all-round white
lights at or near the extremities of its breadth;
(iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round white lights
between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the
distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres;
(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or
object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres an
additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward
as is practicable.
(h)
Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object
being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g)
of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or
object towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object.
(i)
Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally
engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a)
or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights
when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of
assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the
relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed as authorized
by Rule 36, in
particular by illuminating the towline.
Rule 25 Sailing
vessels underway and vessels under oars
(a) A
sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i)
sidelights;
(ii) a sternlight.
(b) In
a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near
the top of the mast where it can best be seen.
(c) A
sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph
(a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best
be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the
lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the
combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.
(d) (i)
A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit
the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does
not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing
a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.
(ii) A
vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing
vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or
lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient
time to prevent collision.
(e) A
vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall
exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.
Rule 26 Fishing
vessels
(a) A
vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only
the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.
(b) A
vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the
water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall
exhibit:
(i) two
all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white,
or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical
line one above the other;
(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a
vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a
light but may do so;
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed
in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(c) A
vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling shall exhibit:
(i) two
all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white,
or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one
above the other;
(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally
from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the
direction of the gear;
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed
in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(d) The
additional signals described in Annex II to
these Regulations apply to a vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to
other vessels engaged in fishing.
(e) A
vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes
prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.
Rule 27 Vessels
not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
(a) A
vessel not under command shall exhibit:
(i) two
all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen;
(ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be
seen;
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed
in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
(b) A
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine
clearance operations, shall exhibit:
(i)
three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The
highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be
white;
(ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest
and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond;
(iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights, sidelights
and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i);
(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in
subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.
(c) A
power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts
the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course
shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights
or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.
(d) A
vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her
ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in
subparagraphs (b)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall in addition, when
an obstruction exists, exhibit:
(i) two
all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on
which the obstruction exists;
(ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate
the side on which another vessel may pass;
(iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead
of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule
30.
(e)
Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it
impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of
this Rule, the following shall be exhibited:
(i)
three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The
highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be
white;
(ii) a rigid replica of the International Code flag "A" not less than 1 metre in
height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility.
(f) A
vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations shall in addition to the lights
prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule
23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit
three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes
shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard.
These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach
within 1000 metres of the mine clearance vessel.
(g)
Vessels of less than 12 metres in length, except those engaged in diving
operations, shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed
in this Rule.
(h) The
signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and
requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations.
Rule 28 Vessels
eonstrained by their draught
A
vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for
power-driven vessels in Rule 23,
exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical
line, or a cylinder.
Rule 29 Pilot
vessels
(a) A
vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:
(i) at
or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being
white and the lower red;
(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight;
(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i),
the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.
(b) A
pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or
shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.
Rule 30 Anchored
vessels and vessels aground
(a) A
vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:
(i) in
the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;
(ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in
subparagraph (i), an all-round white light.
(b) A
vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit an all-round white light
where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of
this Rule.
(c) A
vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall, also
use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks.
(d) A
vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of
this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen:
(i) two
all-round red lights in a vertical line;
(ii) three balls in a vertical line.
(e) A
vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor, not in or near a narrow
channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall
not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this Rule.
(f) A vessel
of less than 12 metres in length, when aground, shall not be required to
exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (d)(i) and (ii) of
this Rule.
Rule 31 Seaplanes
Where
it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes of the
characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this part she
shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and
position as is possible.
PART D. SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS
Rule 32 Definitions
(a) The
word "whistle" means any sound signalling appliance capable of
producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations.
(b) The
term "short blast" means a blast of about one second’s duration.
(c) The
term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds’
duration.
Rule 33 Equipment
for sound signals
(a) A
vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with a whistle and a
bell and a vessel of 100 metres or more in length shall, in addition, be provided
with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the
bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The
bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same
respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the
prescribed signals shall always be possible.
(b) A
vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound
signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does
not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound
signal.
Rule 34 Manoeuvring
and warning signals
(a)
When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when
manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that
manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle:
- one
short blast to mean "I am altering my course to starboard".
- two short blasts to mean "I am altering my course to port".
- three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern propulsion".
(b) Any
vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this
Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being
carried out:
(i)
these light signals shall have the following significance:
- one
flash to mean "I am altering my course to starboard"
- two flashes to mean "I am altering my course to port".
- three flashes to mean "I am operating astern propulsion".
(ii)
the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between
flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals
shall be not less than ten seconds;
(iii)
the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an all-round white light,
visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.
(c)
When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway.
(i) a
vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(e)(i) indicate her
intention by the following signals on her whistle:
- two
prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean "I intend to overtake
you on your starboard side".
- two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean "I intend to
overtake you on your port side".
(ii)
the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(e)(i) shall indicate her
agreement by the following signal on her whistle:
- one
prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order.
(d)
When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any
cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other,
or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid
collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving
at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be
supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes.
(e) A
vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels
may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast.
Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel
that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening
obstruction.
(f) If whistles
are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, one whistle
only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals.
Rule 35 Sound
signals in restricted visibility
In or
near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals
prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
(a) A
power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of
not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
(b) A
power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water
shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in
succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.
(c) A
vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a
vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in
fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead
of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at
intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one
prolonged followed by two short blasts.
(d) A
vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her
ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the
signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in
paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e) A
vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if
manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession,
namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this
signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
(f)
When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in
a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give
the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.
(g) A
vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell
rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length the
bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the
ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in
the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three
blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to
give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an
approaching vessel.
(h) A
vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal
prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three
separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the
rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an
appropriate whistle signal.
(i) A
vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the
above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient
sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(j) A
pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals
prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal
consisting of four short blasts.
Rule 36 Signals
to attract attention
If
necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light
or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in
these Rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the
danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the
attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any
aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule the use of high intensity
intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided.
Rule 37 Distress
signals
When a
vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the
signals described in Annex IV to
these Regulations.
PART E EXEMPTIONS
Rule 38 Exemptions
Any
vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements
of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960, the
keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction
before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exempted from
compliance therewith as follows:
(a) The
installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule
22, until four years after the date of entry into force of these
Regulations.
(b) The
installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed in section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations,
until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
(c) The
repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units
and rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemption.
(d) (i)
The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 metres in
length, resulting from the prescriptions of section 3(a) of Annex I to these Regulations,
permanent exemption.
(ii)
The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres or more in
length, resulting from the prescriptions of section 3(a) of Annex I to these Regulations,
until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
(e) The
repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of Section
2(b) ofAnnex I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry
into force of these Regulations.
(f) The
repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of sections 2(g)
and 3(b) ofAnnex I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry
into force of these Regulations.
(g) The
requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex III to these Regulations,
until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
(h) The
repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the prescription of section
9(b) ofAnnex I to these Regulations, permanent exemption.
Attachments and Annexes
Annex 1 Positioning
and technical details of lights and shapes
1. Definition
The
term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost
continuous deck. This height shall be measured from the position vertically
beneath the location of the light.
2. Vertical positioning and spacing of lights
(a) On
a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the masthead lights shall
be placed as follows:
(i) the
forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is carried, then that
light, at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres, and, if the
breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a height above the hull not
less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a
greater height above the hull than 12 metres;
(ii) when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be at least 4.5
metres vertically higher than the forward one.
(b) The
vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall be such
that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and
separate from the forward light at a distance of 1.000 metres from the stem
when viewed from sea-level.
(c) The
masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less than 20 metres in
length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than 25
metres.
(d) A
power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the uppermost
light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale. When however a
masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a sternlight or the
all-round light prescribed in Rule 23(c)(i)
is carried in addition to sidelights, then such masthead light or all-round
light shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sidelights.
(e) One
of the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel when
engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall be placed in the same
position as either the forward masthead light or the after masthead light;
provided that, if carried on the aftermast, the lowest after masthead light
shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward masthead light.
(f) (i)
The masthead light or lights prescribed in Rule
23(a) shall be so placed as to be above and clear of all other
lights and obstructions except as described in subparagraph (ii).
(ii)
When it is impracticable to carry the all-round lights prescribed by Rule 27(b)(i) or Rule 28 below the masthead
lights, they may be carried above the after masthead light(s) or vertically in
between the forward masthead light(s) and after masthead light(s), provided
that in the latter case the requirement of section 3(c) of this Annex shall be
complied with.
(g) The
sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull
not greater than three quarters of that of the forward masthead light. They
shall not be so low as to be interfered with by deck lights.
(h) The
sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a power-driven vessel of
less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than 1 metre below the
masthead light.
(i)
When the Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in a vertical line,
they shall be spaced as follows:
(i) on
a vessel of 20 metres in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less
than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a
towing light is required, be placed at a height of not less than 4 metres above
the hull;
(ii) on
a vessel of less than 20 metres in length such lights shall be spaced not less
than 1 metre apart and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing
light is required, be placed at a height of not less than 2 metres above the
gunwale;
(iii)
when three lights are carried they shall be equally spaced.
(j) The
lower of the two all-round lights prescribed for a vessel when engaged in
fishing shall be at a height above the sidelights not less than twice the
distance between the two vertical lights.
(k) The
forward anchor light prescribed in Rule
30(a)(i), when two are carried, shall not be less than 4.5 metres
above the after one. On a vessel of 50 metres or more in length this forward
anchor light shall be placed at a height of not less than 6 metres above the
hull.
3 . Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights
(a)
When two masthead lights are prescribed for a power-driven vessel, the
horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one half of the length
of the vessel but need not be more than 100 metres. The forward light shall be
placed not more than one quarter of the length of the vessel from the stem.
(b) On
a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the sidelights shall not
be placed in front of the forward masthead lights. They shall be placed at or
near the side of the vessel.
(c)
When the lights prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i)
or Rule 28 are
placed vertically between the forward masthead light(s) and the after masthead
light(s) these all-round lights shall be placed at a horizontal distance of not
less than 2 metres from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel in the
athwartship direction.
(d)
When only one masthead light is prescribed for a powerdriven vessel, this light
shall be exhibited forward of amidships; except that a vessel of less than 20
metres in length need not exhibit this light forward of amidships but shall
exhibit it as far forward as is practicable.
4. Details of location of direction-indicating lights for
fishing vessels, dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations
(a) The
light indicating the direction of the outlying gear from a vessel engaged in
fishing as prescribed in Rule 26(c)(ii)
shall be placed at a horizontal distance of not less than 2 metres and not more
than 6 metres away from the two all-round red and white lights. This light
shall be placed not higher than the all-round white light prescribed in Rule 26(c)(i) and not lower than
the sidelights.
(b) The
lights and shapes on a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations to
indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to pass, as
prescribed in Rule 27(d)(i)
and (ii), shall be placed at the maximum practical horizontal distance, but in
no case less than 2 metres, from the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule
27(b)(i) and (ii). In no case shall the upper of these lights or shapes be at a
greater height than the lower of the three lights or shapes prescribed in Rule
27(b)(i) and (ii).
5. Screens for sidelights
The
sidelights of vessels of 20 metres or more in length shall be fitted with inboard
screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of section 9 of this
Annex. On vessels of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights, if necessary
to meet the requirements of section 9 of this Annex, shall be fitted with
inboard matt black screens. With a combined lantern, using a single vertical
filament and a very narrow division between the green and red sections,
external screens need not be fitted.
6. Shapes
(a)
Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:
(i) a
ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 metre;
(ii) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a height
equal to its diameter;
(iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height of
twice its diameter;
(iv) a diamond shape shall consist of two cones as defined in (ii) above having
a common base.
(b) The
vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metres.
(c) In
a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser dimensions but
commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and the distance apart may
be correspondingly reduced.
7. Colour specification of lights
The
chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following standards,
which lie within the boundaries of the area of the diagram specified for each
colour by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The boundaries of
the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner co-ordinates, which
are as follows:
(i) White
|
X
|
0.525
|
0.525
|
0.452
|
0.310
|
0.310
|
0.443
|
|
Y
|
0.382
|
0.440
|
0.440
|
0.348
|
0.283
|
0.382
|
(ii) Green
|
X
|
0.028
|
0.009
|
0.300
|
0.203
|
|
Y
|
0.385
|
0.723
|
0.511
|
0.356
|
(iii) Red
|
X
|
0.680
|
0.660
|
0.735
|
0.721
|
|
Y
|
0.320
|
0.320
|
0.265
|
0.259
|
(iv) Yellow
|
X
|
0.612
|
0.618
|
0.575
|
0.575
|
|
Y
|
0.382
|
0.382
|
0.425
|
0.406
|
8. Intensity of lights
(a) The
minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the formula:
|
I = 3.43 x 106 x T x D2 x K-D
|
|
|
where
|
I
|
is luminous intensity in candelas
under service conditions,
|
|
T
|
is threshold factor 2 x 10 -7 lux,
|
|
|
D
|
is range of visibility (luminous range)
of the light in nautical miles,
|
|
|
K
|
is atmospheric transmissivity.
|
|
|
For prescribed lights the value of
K shall be 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological visibility of approximately
13 nautical miles.
|
|
|
(b) A
selection of figures derived from the formula is given in the following table:
|
Range of visibility
(luminous range) of light
in nautical miles D
|
Luminous intensity of
light in candelas for
K = 0.8 miles
|
|
1
|
0.9
|
|
2
|
4.3
|
|
3
|
12
|
|
4
|
27
|
|
5
|
52
|
|
6
|
94
|
NOTE:
The maximum luminous intensity of navigation lights should be limited to avoid
undue glare This shall not be achieved by a variable control of the luminous
intensity.
9. Horizontal sectors
(a) (i)
In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel shall show the
minimum required intensities. The intensities shall decrease to reach practical
cut-off between 1 degree and 3 degrees outside the prescribed sectors.
(ii)
For stemlights and masthead lights and at 22.5 degrees abaft the beam for
sidelights, the minimum required intensities shall be maintained over the arc
of the horizon up to 5 degrees within the limits of the sectors prescribed in Rule 21. From 5 degrees within
the prescribed sectors the intensity may decrease by 50 per cent up to the
prescribed limits; it shall decrease steadily to reach practical cut-off at not
more than 5 degrees outside the prescribed sectors.
(b) (i)
All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts, topmasts
or structures within angular sectors of more than 6 degrees, except anchor lights
prescribed inRule 30, which
need not be placed at an impracticable height above the hull.
(ii) If
it is impracticable to comply with paragraph (b)(i) of this section by
exhibiting only one all-round light, two all-round lights shall be used
suitably positioned or screened so that they appear, as far as practicable, as
one light at a distance of one mile.
10. Vertical sectors
(a) The
vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, with the exception of lights on
sailing vessels underway shall ensure that:
(i) at
least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees
above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
(ii) at least 60 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from
7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal.
(b) In
the case of sailing vessels underway the vertical sectors of electric lights as
fitted shall ensure that:
(i) at
least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees
above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
(ii) at least 50 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from
25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the horizontal.
(c) In
the case of lights other than electric these specifications shall be met as
closely as possible.
11. Intensity of non-electric lights
Non-electric
lights shall so far as practicable comply with the minimum intensities, as
specified in the table given in section 8 of this Annex.
12. Manoeuvring light
Notwithstanding
the provisions of paragraph 2(f) of this Annex the manoeuvring light described
in Rule 34(b)
shall be placed in the same fore and aft vertical plane as the masthead light
or lights and, where practicable, at a minimum height of 2 metres vertically
above the forward masthead light, provided that it shall be carried not less
than 2 metres vertically above or below the after masthead light. On a vessel
where only one masthead light is carried the manoeuvring light, if fitted,
shall be carried where it can best be seen, not less than 2 metres vertically
apart from the masthead light.
13. High-speed craft
The
masthead light of high-speed craft with a lenght-to-breadth ratio of less than
3.0 may be placed at a height related to the breadth of the craft lower than
that prescribed in paragraph 2 (a)(i) of this annex, provided that the base
angle of the isosceles triangles formed by the sidelights and masthead light,
when seen in end elevation, is not less than 27 degrees.
14. Approval
The
construction of lights and shapes and the installation of lights on board the
vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State
whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.
Annex 2 Additional
signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity
1. General
The
lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of Rule 26(d), be placed where they
can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9 metre apart but at a lower level
than lights prescribed in Rule 26(b)(i) and (c)(i). The lights shall be visible
all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile but at a lesser distance
than the lights prescribed by these Rules for fishing vessels.
2. Signals for trawlers
(a)
Vessels of 20 metres of more in length when engaged in trawling, whether using
demersal or pelagic gear, shall exhibit:
(i)
when shooting their nets: two white lights in a vertical line;
(ii) when hauling their nets: one white light over one red light in a vertical
line;
(iii) when the net has come fast upon an obstruction: two red lights in a
vertical line.
(b)
Each vessel of 20 metres or more in length engaged in pair trawling shall
exhibit:
(i) by
night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel
of the pair;
(ii) when shooting or hauling their nets or when the nets have come fast upon
an obstruction, the lights prescribed in 2(a) above.
(c) A
vessel of less than 20 metres in length engaged in trawling, whether using
demersal or pelagic gear or engaged in pair trawling, may exhibit the lights
prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, as appropriate.
3. Signals for purse seiners
Vessels
engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit two yellow lights in a
vertical line. These lights shall flash alternately every second and with equal
light and occultation duration. These lights may be exhibited only when the
vessel is hampered by its fishing gear.
Annex 3 Technical
details of sound signal appliances
1. Whistles
(a) Frequencies and range of audibility
The
fundamental frequency of the signal shall lie within the range 70 – 700 Hz. The
range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be determined by those
frequencies, which may include the fundamental and/or one or more higher
frequencies, which lie within the range 180 – 700 Hz ( +/- 1 per cent) and
which provide the sound pressure levels specified in paragraph l(c) below.
(b) Limits of fundamental frequencies
To
ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamental frequency of
a whistle shall be between the following limits:
(i) 70
– 200 Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length;
(ii) 130 – 350 Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in length;
(iii) 250 – 700 Hz, for a vessel less than 75 metres in length.
(c) Sound signal intensity and range of audibility
A
whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of maximum intensity
of the whistle and at a distance of 1 metre from it, a sound pressure level in
at least one 1/3rd-octave band within the range of frequencies 180 – 700 Hz (
+/- 1 per cent) of not less than the appropriate figure given in the table
below.
|
Length of vessel
in meters
|
1/3rd-octave band Audibility in metres level at 1 metre
range in in dB referred to 2 x 10 -5 N/m2
|
Audibility range in nautical miles
|
|
200 or more
|
143
|
2
|
|
75 but less than 200
|
138
|
1.5
|
|
20 but less than 75
|
130
|
1
|
|
Less than 20
|
120
|
0.5
|
The
range of audibility in the table above is for information and is approximately
the range at which a whistle may be heard on its forward axis with 90 per cent
probability in conditions of still air on board a vessel having average background
noise level at the listening posts (taken to be 68 dB in the octave band
centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in the octave band centred on 500 Hz).
In
practice the range at which a whistle may be heard is extremely variable and
depends critically on weather conditions; the values given can be regarded as
typical but under conditions of strong wind or high ambient noise level at the
listening post the range may be much reduced.
(d) Directional properties
The
sound pressure level of a directional whistle shall be not more than 4 dB below
the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis at any direction in the
horizontal plane within + 45 degrees of the axis. The sound pressure level at
any other direction In the horizontal plane shall be not more than 10 dB below
the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis, so that the range in any
direction will be at least half the range on the forward axis The sound
pressure level shall be measured in that 1/3rd-octave band which determines the
audibility range.
(e) Positioning of whistles
When a
directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel, it shall be
installed with its maximum intensity directed straight ahead. A whistle shall
be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order to reduce interception
of the emitted sound by obstructions and also to minimize hearing damage risk
to personnel. The sound pressure level of the vessel’s own signal at listening
posts shall not exceed 110 dB (A) and so far as practicable should not exceed
100 dB (A).
(f) Fitting of more than one whistle
If
whistles are fitted at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, it shall be so
arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously.
(g) Combined whistle systems
If due
to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle or one of
the whistles referred to in paragraph 1(f) above is likely to have a zone of
greatly reduced signal level, it is recommended that a combined whistle system
be fitted so as to overcome this reduction. For the purposes of the Rules a
combined whistle system is to be regarded as a single whistle. The whistles of
a combined system shall be located at a distance apart of not more than 100
metres and arranged to be sounded simultaneously. The frequency of any one
whistle shall differ from those of the others by at least 10 Hz.
2. Bell or gong
(a) Intensity of signal
A bell
or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics shall produce a
sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance of 1 metre from it.
(b) Construction
Bells
and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed to give a
clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than 300 mm
for vessels of 20 metres or more in length, and shall be not less than 200 mm
for vessels of 12 metres or more, but of less than 20 metres in length. Where
practicable, a power-driven bell striker is recommended to ensure constant
force but manual operation shall be possible. The mass of the striker shall be
not less than 3 per cent of the mass of the bell
3. Approval
The
construction of sound signal appliances, their performance and their
installation on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the
appropriate authority of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.
Annex 4 Distress
signals
1. The
following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate
distress and need of assistance:
(a) a
gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;
(b) a
continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus;
(c)
rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals;
(d) a
signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting of
the group . . . – - – . . . (SOS) in the Morse Code;
(e) a
signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word "Mayday";
(f) the
International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.;
(g) a
signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything
resembling a ball;
(h)
flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.);
(i) a
rocket parachute flare or a hand-flare showing a red light;
(j) a
smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke;
(k)
slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side;
(l) the
radiotelegraph alarm signal;
(m) the
radiotelephone alarm signal;
(n)
signals transmitted by emergency positioning-indicating radio beacons;
(o)
approved signals transmitted by radiocommunication systems, including survival
craft radar transponders.
2. The
use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of
indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which
may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited.
3.
Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of
Signals, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals:
(a) a
piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other
appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);
(b) a dye
marker.
WAH
MELEHLAHKAN JUGA NGEDITNYA
